December, 202019 Cubic Transportation SystemsEmpowering Smart Cities with Smart DataBEYOND SOFTWAREBY MARK STONE, DIRECTOR OF TECHNICAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT, ETSY"Open Sources 2.0" released in 2005, five years after the original "Open Sources". In 2000, the open-source revolution faced an uncertain outcome. By 2005, open-source triumphed; the question was not if major technology companies should use open source, but rather how. At the same time, open-source entered discussions about more than just copyright and source code. 15 years later, progress has been slow in these new areas, yet the urgency is greater than ever. We must take the innovation dynamics of open source beyond software.Look at four areas in need of intellectual property innovation: open content, open data, open APIs, and open patents. In each, proprietary lock-in and regulatory capture hold back innovation that would benefit all commercial endeavors, including those of the current proprietary winners.Open ContentMajor open content projects, like Wikipedia, have emerged in the last 15 years. Yet the media business has become ever more locked down. Works from 1924 on will not begin to enter the public domain until 2024, assuming copyright term is not extended yet again. Unencrypted formats like MP3 are harder to find; open-source formats like FLAC and Ogg Vorbis are largely unsupported commercially. Streaming companies mediate content distribution in a way that makes consumer ownership of content ever more difficult. Ironically the power of open content to drive innovation is prominent in the history of the media business. For decades after bluesman Robert Johnson's death, his works were believed to be in the public domain. While Johnson was a rare talent, the perception that his works were freely available made it easy for everyone from Eric Clapton to the Rolling Stones to cover, modify, and extend his music. The result is an entire genre of blues-rock that might not otherwise exist.CXO NSIGHTSSTREAMING COMPANIES MEDIATE CONTENT DISTRIBUTION IN A WAY THAT MAKES CONSUMER OWNERSHIP OF CONTENT EVER MORE DIFFICULTMark Stone
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