July 20198 Adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies powered by AI and IoT (AIIoT) will involve transformational changes in the entire value chain and supply chain for manufacturing processes. From the human tasks, to the production of goods and the provision of services, disruptive change will affect how we do business,work and socialize. It is generally referred to as the"Fourth Industrial Revolution", based on the exponential growth in new AIIoT application areas. Social innovation aimed at finding AIIoT solutions for pressing human and planetary problems, is a worldwide grassroots startup movement in many of the major cities and online, via hackathons and other design challenges.AIIoT based configurations of new, smaller, more affordable networked sensors that communicate with all other sensors and processes in the supply chain. Autonomous robots on the ground and air-borne (drones) perform supply chain tasks with little to no human intervention or interaction. Human software engineers and human operators apply AI and Machine Learning (ML) to build and control these configurations via a network of communication-capable components. They have to decide how to transform the collected data into a single format for real time data analysis in data streaming business analytics systems. Since 2018, data science skills shortages are present in almost every country and large city in the world. Worldwide there has been a 29 percent increase in demand for data scientists since 2013 and is currently at a 344 percent increase. By the end of 2019, it is predicted that there will be about 26 million software developers, and this number is predicted to grow to more than 27 million by 2023. Due to the digital transformation of industry, we will lose an estimated 5 million workplaces. All companies, governments and countries worldwide will be significantly impacted by this; unprepared and unable to respond to these changes. The number of ML engineers, data scientists and big data engineers has grown by 650 percent since 2012. The global skilled worker's shortage is predicted to be more than 85 million by 2030.The configurations and implementation of the networked sensors and the data analytics for business intelligence need to be tailor-made to the requirements of each representative human end-user group and the entire value chain and supply chain. This creates many diverse use-cases, which complicates the design process and challenges the designer-teams. The ML optimized value chain and supply chain configurations are blueprints for the best configurations.To respond rapidly to opimization reconfiguration requests, configurations need to be designed in a modular and flexible manner. All digitized supply chain processes and machines can be accessed, repaired and replaced by other machines, while being supervised,controlled and automated by the human engineers and operators.Extended Realities (XR); Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), are tools to visualize the value chain and supply chain, displaying the virtual twins of supply chain machinery and processes and displaying the big data generated by the supply chain, in an interactive 3D world. New configurations of production processes, products and services can be visualized and controls can be mapped from the virtual representation to the local and remote physical machines. XR can also be used to deliver supply chain BY DR JOLANDA G. TROMP, DIRECTOR CENTER FOR VISUALIZATION & SIMULATION, DUY TAN UNIVERSITYCRITICAL HUMAN SKILLS REQUIREMENTS FORTHE DIGITAL REVOLUTIONDr Jolanda GIN MY V EW
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